Conservation-based activities like ecotourism provide Indigenous Nations with economic opportunities that reflect Indigenous stewardship. Many Nations are working to build Indigenous-owned ecotourism companies, guided by Indigenous values, managed by Indigenous people, and following policies established by Indigenous people. This work can be an expression of Nationhood and self-determination.

An analysis of two emerging Indigenous Guardians programs in the NWT found they create about $2.50 of social, economic, cultural and environmental results for every $1 invested. With support from a national network, researchers projected the value could increase to up to $3.70 for each dollar of investment.